Basic Nervous System Anatomy Worksheet

1. What does CNS and PNS stand for?

CNS stands for Central Nervous System and PNS stands for Peripheral Nervous System.

2. What are the parts of the CNS?

The brain and the spinal cord.

3. Describe something that you do on a regular basis that your PNS controls.

The PNS controls stuff like digestion and heartbeat.

4. What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and what does each control?


Sympathetic- controls the body in times of stress, fear, worry, and emergency.

Parasympathetic- brings the body to a normal state and allows for rest and relaxation to occur.


5. What are the three main types of neurons? What is the function of each?

Sensory neuron- conducts signals of pain and any other of the five senses.



Motor neuron- controls motor functions e.g. moving.



Interneuron- transmits signals to motor neurons.

6. What is the function of the axon of a nerve cell? The dendrite?

The axon is the nerve structure that sends signals and the dendrites receive signals

7. What is a synapse?

A synapse is the jumping or sparking of a neural impulse from one neuron to another.

8. Sketch a neuron and label the axon and the dendrite.

Skeletal System Graphic Organizer

1. Provides attachment for muscles

2. Produces blood cells for circulatory system

3. Gets rid of excess calcium bones dont use

4. Is signaled by endocrine system to grow at certain times.

5. Nerves travel around/through bone so you know when it is broken.

6. Lungs provide oxygen for blood cells produced by bones.

7. Calcium and other nutrients received from digestive system.

8. Skin protects bones. Bones give form to skin in a way.

9. Lymphatic system produces white blood cells to protect bones against disease.

10. Bones are different between male and female to support different reproductive organs and functions

Skeletal Muscle Physiology Worksheet

1. What percent of the body is smooth muscle? Striated muscle?

40% of the body is striated muscle and 5-10% is smooth muscle

2. Name 3 types of muscle proteins. What is the function of each?

• Stroma Protein- its function is to hold the other structures in place.



• Cellular Protein- there isnt much of a specialized function since this protein is also found in other metabolically active cells.



• Contractile Protein- composed of two different proteins, myosin and actin. Its function is to make the contraction of muscles possible

3. What is a myofibril?

It is each independent, cylindrical element in a muscle.

4. Sketch a picture of a sarcomere. Label the I-band, the A-band, the Z-line and the H-zone.

5. Name the two filaments that make up a sarcomere.

Thick and thin filaments.

6. Draw a sarcomere at rest, contracted, and stretched .





























7. What is the sliding filament theory?

As the muscle becomes shorter due to increased contraction, the thick and thin filaments slide past each other, but the lengths of the individual thick and thin filaments do not change.

8. Muscle relaxation ensues upon the removal of what?

Calcium ions.

Basic Joint Anatomy Worksheet

1. Why is there little to no movement in a fibrous joint?

Because the bones are joined together with strong fibrous tissue.

2.What is an example of a fibrous joint?

An example of a fibrous joint are the joints between the bones that make up the skull.

3. Describe a cartilaginous joint and give an example.

Very little movement occurs at these joints because they are joined by intervening fibrocartilage. An example of this is anywhere between the vertebrae of the vertebral column

4. What type of joint essentially allows free movement?

A synovial joint

5. What lubricates a joint cavity?

Synovial fluids

6. For the following joint types please list the name of the joint type, the type of movement of the joint, the shape of the joint and an example.

• Plane joint- is a slightly curved articular joint which permits gliding or slipping in any direction. An example is the joints in your hands.



• Hinge joint- A joint in which one surface is shaped like a cylinder and the other is shaped like a concave groove. It allows movement around that single axis. An example is the joint in your elbow.



• Condylar joint- It has two articular surfaces. Its movement is similar to a hinge joint but it allows a couple more movements as well. an example is your knee joint



• Ball and Socket joint- Consists of a ball shaped end of a bone which fits into a cup-shaped joint socket on the other bone. Movement is possible in many directions such as a shoulder joint allows.



• Ellipsoidal joint- Is similar to a ball and socket joint except the joint socket is shaped more like an ellipse rather than a circle. An example of this is a wrist joint.



• Pivot joint- Has a bony peg which fits into a concave notch in such a way that one bone can pivot with respect to the other, such as the joint between the radius and the ulna.



• Saddle joint- resembles two western saddles. One is inverted and the other is turned at right angles to the first. Both articulating surfaces are concave in one direction and convew in the other. An example would be the joint that the thumb fits into.

Basic Skeletal Anatomy Worksheet

1. Describe the 4 functions of bones.

Supporting the body, protecting the internal organs, provides muscle attachment, and blood cell production.

2. How many bones are there in the human body?

206

3. What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Name 5 specific bones in each division.

The axial skeleton which contains the:

• pelvis



• rib cage



• skull



• vertebral column



• and the sternum

and the appendicular skeleton which contains the:

• humerus



• radius



• ulna



• femur



• and patella

4. What bone makes up the upper arm?

The humerus

5. What bone makes up the face?

The skull

6. Name two bones that protect vital internal organs.

The rib cage and the sternum

7. What bone in the forearm is always on thumb side?

The radius

8. What bone is movable for back muscles to attach to?

The Scapula

9. What bone is also known as the shin bone?

The tibia

10. Sketch a human skeleton and label the following bones: skull, clavicle, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, patella, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis, vertebral column, scapula and rib cage

Beauty Video Questions

1.Do you think that the symmetry test conducted on the baby was flawed? How? Describe how you would design an experiment that could fool the baby and skew the results.

I think that it was flawed because the baby is what it is. most likely this test was flawed because babies go by what people look like and someone could remind them of someone else. i dont rly know how i would design an expiriment like that.

2.What is missing from this video about beauty?

They dont mention very much about qualities like personality. They also are biased and think that plastic surgery is the cure for ugliness. i believe that beauty shoul dnot be artificial.

3.How does this video make you feel about beauty?

People try too hard to be beatiful. Some become obsessed by it. People should be fine with the way they are.

4.What is it about the skin that makes it return to its place? What property is this?
What are the risks of cosmetic surgery? Would you ever do it? What would you be willing to risk for cosmetic surgery? How long will it last?

It is the fact that your skin has certain DNA plans that it follows. if your skin is going to move, what is the sense in getting surgery done if your skin will just look like it does later on in life? Risks are that if there is a messs up, then your face is uglier than it was before the surgery. i would never do it simply because i am fine the way i am. i wouldnt risk anything for this stupid procedure. doesn't matter how long it would last, its not going to happen.

Integumentary Study Questions

Critical Thinking Questions

3. As a rule, a superficial partial-thickness burn is more painful than one ivolving deeper tissues. How would you explain this observation?

I'd say that the reason is that once the burn reaches deeper tissues, it bruns out your nerves. Either that or there is so mmany signals going off that the feeling is nulled.

6. How would you explain to an ahtlete the importance of keeping the body hydrated when exercising in warm weather?

Besides the fact that he should know it, water keeps the body from cramping up from dehydration.

8. How is skin peeling after a severe sunburn protective? How might a fever be protective?

When skin peels, it is getting whatever is dead or harmful to the body away from the body. A fever could be protective b/c germs and other things can't survive past a certain temperature.(i guess)

Review Exercises

4. List six functions of skin.

Protective covering, retains water, regulates body temperature, houses sensory receptors, contains immune system cells, synthesizes various chemicals, and excretes small quantities of waste.

5. Distinguish between the epidermis and the dermis.

Epidermis- outer layer of skin. composed of squamus epithelium.

Dermis- Inner layer of skin. thicker than epidermis. is made of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers, epithelial tissue, smooth muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and blood.

6. Describe the subcutaneous layer.

Subcutaneous layer- a layer of masses of loose connective and adipose tissues that bind the skin to underlying organs.

8. List the layers of the epidermis.

Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale.

13. Distinguish between a hair and a hair follicle.

Hair is the stuff you actually see. a hair follicle is the tubelike depression the hair shaft comes out of.

15. Describe how nails are formed.

Specialized epithelial cells that are continuous with the epithelium of th eskin produce the nail bed. The lunula at the base of a nail plate is where the cells divide, and newly formed cells keratinize which gives rise to tiny scales that become part of the nail plate.

16. Explain the function of sebaceous glands.

The function of sebaceous glands are to keep the hairs and the skin soft, pliable, and waterproof.

22. Describe the body's responses to decreasing body temperature.

Your brain decreases te flow of heat-carrying blood through the skin, which tends to lose color, and helps reduce heat loss by radiation, conduction and convection. Also, sweat glands become inactive. If that doesnt help, muscle in your body are triggered to contract slightly and rhythmically to produce heat.

25. Describe three physiological factors that affect skin color.

Genes inherited from parents can determine your skin color by how much melanin is produced by cells. Environmental factors such as sun/UV rays tan skin by stimulating the melanocytes to produce more pigments. Physiological factors such as blood in the dermal vessels adds color to the skin.

27. Distinguish between the healing of shallow and deeper breaks in the skin.

If a break is shallow, the epithelial cells are triggered to divide mor erapidly than usual and the new cells fill in the gaps. if the injury is as deep as the dermis or subcutaneous layer, blood vessels break, and teh escaping blood forms a clot in the wound. As the process goes on, eventually a scab is formed.

28. Describe possible treatments for a third-degree burn.

Skin grafts and skin substitutes are the best cures for third-degree burns.

29. List three effects of aging on skin.

Nails harden, receptors fail, and hair turns gray or white.